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“Kicking Horse Pass (About 5000 Ft)”
Col Kicking Horse (environ 5000 pieds)

This painting depicts locomotives steaming over a trestle at Kicking Horse Pass, with the Kicking Horse River below and jagged peaks above. The pass straddles the Continental Divide on the border with Alberta, and it is the highest point on the Canadian Pacific Railway, at an elevation of 5,338 ft (1,627 metres). Its colourful name came from James Hector—a naturalist, biologist and doctor on the 1858 Palliser expedition—who was kicked by his packhorse while traversing the pass.

The Rocky Mountains posed a major obstacle to building the transcontinental railway. Despite its rugged terrain, Kicking Horse Pass was chosen for its proximity to the US border and its relatively short distance to the Pacific coast. This choice was so significant to Canada’s history that in 1971 it was designated a National Historic Site.

To speed construction, the company decided to delay blasting a tunnel through Mount Stephen, and instead built a temporary 8-mile (13-km) line over it, with a grade of 4.5%, one of the steepest railway lines anywhere, and far exceeding the desired 2.5% grade. In 1909 the 4.5% grades on BC’s side of the pass were reduced to 2.2% with the construction of Spiral Tunnels, making the route a little longer, but much safer.

In 1886, the Canadian Pacific Railway sent artists west to promote their new railway line through the mountains as a tourist destination. This 1887 watercolour by Toronto artist Richard O’Brien (1832-1900) was one of several he painted along the line.

Cette peinture illustre les locomotives à vapeur sur un pont sur chevalets dans le col Kicking Horse, avec la rivière Kicking Horse dessous et des pics dentelés au-dessus. Le col chevauche la ligne de partage des eaux à la frontière avec l’Alberta et il est le point le plus élevé du Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique, à une altitude de 5 338 pieds (1 627 m.). Son nom coloré provient de James Hector, un naturaliste, biologiste et médecin de l’expédition Palliser de 1858, qui a été rué par son cheval de somme en traversant le col.

Les montagnes Rocheuses posaient un sérieux obstacle dans la construction du chemin de fer transcontinental. Malgré son terrain accidenté, le col Kicking Horse a été choisi en raison de sa proximité avec la frontière des États-Unis et de sa distance relativement courte de la côte du Pacifique. Ce choix a été si important dans l’histoire du Canada que le col Kicking Horse a été désigné lieu historique national en 1971.

Pour accélérer la construction, la compagnie a décidé de retarder le dynamitage d’un tunnel au travers du mont Stephen et a plutôt construit une ligne temporaire de huit milles (13 kilomètres) par-dessus, avec une pente de 4,5 %, une des lignes de chemin de fer les plus abruptes au monde et très loin de la pente désirée de 2,5 %. En 1909, les pentes de 4,5 % du côté britanno-colombien du col ont été réduites à 2,2 % avec la construction de tunnels en spirale, rendant la route un peu plus longue, mais beaucoup plus sécuritaire.

En 1886, le Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique a envoyé des artistes dans l’ouest pour faire la promotion du nouveau chemin de fer traversant les montagnes en tant que destination touristique. Cette aquarelle de 1887 par l’artiste torontois Richard O’Brien (1832-1900) était une des nombreuses peintures qu’il a faites le long de la ligne.

Details

Selected by: Royal British Columbia Museum and Archives
Date 1887
Record PDP04901

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